差

さ
difference
variation

* * *

さ【差】

①［差し引き］

*difference

〖U〗［or a ～］〔経〕(株価の)さや；〔数〕〔…の間の/…の〕差(分)〔between/in， of， to〕

The difference between 20 and 5 is 15. 20と5の差は15だ

*differential

〖C〗《正式》〔…の間の/…における〕差異， 差(額)〔between/in〕

remainder

〔数〕［the ～］ (引き算の)残り， 差.

▲He won by ［with］ a majority of 100 votes. 彼は100票差で勝った.

¶(…に)5メートルの～をつける

have a lead of five meters (over， upon...)

¶温度～の激しい国

a country with a wide range of temperature.

②［相違・隔たり］

*difference

〖C〗〖U〗〔…の間の/…における/…との〕相違， 違い， 差；相違点〔between/in/from〕

an imperceptible difference あるかないかのわずかな差

*interval

〖C〗(質・程度などの)差， 隔たり

*gap

〖C〗〔見解などの〕相違， 不一致〔between〕

the generation gap 世代ﾔの差.

▲differ in degree but not in kind 程度の差はあるが本質的には同じである

Genius is only one remove from insanity. 天才と狂人は紙一重の差だ

The line between good and evil is (as) thin as a knife's edge. 善悪の差は紙一重だ.

* * *

さ【差】

1 〔違い〕 (a) difference; variance; (変化の結果) a variation; 〔ずれ〕 a deviation; an error; 〔数量の開き〕 (a) disparity; a gap; (値段の) a margin; (得票の) a majority; (次位得票者との) a plurality.

●品質の差 (a) difference in quality

・賃金の差 wage differentials

・甲乙の差 the difference between A and B

・寒暑[寒暖]の差 the difference in temperature 《between day and night》

・年齢の差 a difference [disparity] in [of] age; (an) age difference

・程度の差 a difference in degree

・優劣の差 a qualitative difference 《between A and B》

・輸出入の差 the balance of trade

・力量の差 a disparity in ability

・種と亜種の差 the variance between species and subspecies

・鼻の差 【競馬】 ＝はなさ.

●差がある there is a difference 《between…》; differ 《from…》; be at variance 《with…》

・1 位と 2 位の差が広がった[開いた]. The gap has widened between first and second place.

・その国は貧富の差が小さい[大きい]. There is no great [a great, a big] gulf [gap, disparity] between (the) rich and (the) poor in that country.

・当地は季節による寒暑の差が大きい. Seasonal temperature variation is quite high here.

・二人の能力はほとんど差がない. There is hardly any disparity in their capacity.

・二人の実力に差が出てきた. A disparity in their abilities has become apparent.

・先頭との差が縮まってきた. The distance behind the leader(s) has narrowed.

●デザインの差で勝負が決まる difference in design will determine the winner 《of larger market share》

・わずかの差で勝つ[逃げ切る] (hold on to) win by a narrow margin

・わずかの差で首位を逃す lose by a hair; come in a close second

・(2 位と)1500 票の差で当選する[落選する] win [lose] an election by a plurality of 1500 (votes)

・かなりの差で当選する be elected by a wide [handsome] margin

・1 点の差で勝つ[負ける] win [lose] (a game) by one point

・議案は 108 票対 141 票, 即ち 33 票の差で否決された. The bill was defeated by 141 to 108―a margin of 33.

●差をつける 〔差別する〕 discriminate 《between A and B, against…》; make a discrimination; 〔(競技で)引き離す〕 establish [build up, open] a lead 《on one's opponent》; 〔等級をつける〕 grade; graduate

・所得税率に差をつける graduate the income tax

・差をつけずに indiscriminately; without discrimination; equally; evenly; uniformly; 〔ハンデなしで〕 without a handicap

・差を詰める[縮める] narrow a gap 《with sb》

・〔マラソンで〕 最後まで彼女との差を縮めることができなかった. Down to the finish I wasn't able to close the gap with her.

・差をなくす close a gap

・年齢の差を感じる feel the difference in age (between oneself and sb else)

・ゴールでは 2 位以下に大きく差をつけていた. He had a big lead over the other runners at the finish.

・いつも兄とは着る物で差をつけられていた. My big brother always got nicer looking clothes than I did.

●差はあまりない differ little 《from…》.

・先頭との差はわずかだ. She is close behind the leader.

・どちらを選んでも大した差はない. No matter which you choose, there's little difference between them.

・どっちの道を行ってもあまり差はない. It makes no great difference whether you take this road or that.

・二人の実力の差はどこからくるのか. Where do you suppose the difference in their abilities comes from?

2 【数】 the remainder.

●差を求める find the remainder.